Can people help with this quandry, which shouldn't really be a quandry. I am doing an IAB Computerised Acct course, where a past paper has drawings from stock marked up as if for sale then posted but to Sales and not Purchases.
To clarify:
If I own a business and withdraw £1000 at cost from stock [VAT of 175 being paid], the entries should be:
Dr Drawings £1175 Cr Purchases £1000 Cr VAT £175
In IAB paper they want a mark up to a VAT inclusive price, then extract the VAT and do an entry:
Dr Drawings [with marked up value incl VAT] Cr Sales Cr VAT
What do people think about this 2nd method? I've never seen it before, either in practice or in text books. The only people I think who might be happy with 2nd way is the taxman, as profits would be inflated by the marked up value of the drawings. And if an owner did this regularly, every week over a year, the 2nd way would impact clearly on GP and NP.
The IAB method seems to go against the basic principle of the financial statements giving a true and fair view.
Its my view that it would be wrong to show it as sales otherwise it opens up a window of opportunity for the owner to manipulate company profits.
I favour the first approach in that one reduces stock and bears the VAT liability.
As Rob states the profit is the same using either option it just feels to me that the latter is more open to manipulation.
Shaun.
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Shaun
Responses are not meant as a substitute for professional advice. Answers are intended as outline only the advice of a qualified professional with access to all relevant information should be sought before acting on any response given.
I understand where you're coming from Shaun, however, (there's always a but) using the second method increases the sales (and even if it is for the owner's own use it is still a sale) and the VAT is still charged. If sales are increased then stock is still gone, the VAT is accounted for and as Rob says profit is not affected.
I would say credit sales too, in fact I seem to recall that when taking stock there is an argument to charge at the proper selling price unless it makes no material difference to profit, e.g. if you had a stock of FA Cup final to see Spurs beat Chelsea (look I can dream!), obviously these could all sell for the proper price, so taking one out and paying 'cost' would be incorrect, whereas if it was warehouse full of cans of baked beans then there would be no problem charging cost.
I think I should just say I have just got back in from the pub and this may not make sense now...however I shall check some more threads despite this!
I'm comfortable with everything except recognising it as a sale.
Just had a look at business accounts by David Cox (Osbourne Books, AAT study material) and that goes with (dr) drawings, (cr) puchases (cr) VAT.
Also checked Business Account 1 (Woods and Sangster) same answer.
The whole principle goes against what FRS3 (reporting financial performance) was designed to combat in that it's opening up a pandora's box of potential profit manipultation.
Forgetting VAT for a moment think of this scenario.
Company year end November 2009.
In October the Director takes £50,000 in goods from the company. The Sale will raise profits by £50,000.
Before the April tax year end the director returns the goods so he has no personal tax liability. However the company accounts will show that for 2009 sales were £50k higher than they really were.
This will raise all the major ratio's making the company look more profitable than it really is so a bank is more likely to approve a loan application.
As an addendum to the above, as the bank depended on documents prepared by a bookkeeper the bookkeeper could be held legally responsible for misleading the bank.
The case law that I'm thinking of for this was audit rather than just preparation of accounts but regardless refer to RBS vs Bannerman Johnstone Maclay and Others (2002) where the bank ended up with a bad loan so went after the poor junior auditor (the bank won).
I can see your point about the stock being gone and the end figure being the same but considering the above scenario I still think that purchases rather than sales is the way to go.
Shaun.
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Shaun
Responses are not meant as a substitute for professional advice. Answers are intended as outline only the advice of a qualified professional with access to all relevant information should be sought before acting on any response given.
In my defence of the fair Sheila I should like to draw your attention to Sharkey v Wernher.....however I have now added a couple of gins and may not be reading it right!
Can see where the revenue are coming from in the Sharkey case but the companies act takes precedence over tax law. And where financial reporting standards are more detailed than the companies act they take precedence over that.
That said, living in the real world and knowing full well that we have to come up with compromises to keep everyone happy. Should it not be that purchases are reduced by arms length sale price rather than actual cost price? That way it's not a sale but full sale price will be charged to stock and drawings.
No, that can't be right as it could cause all sorts of horrible problems with negative value in the purchases account. So it does just leave classifying it as an actual sale which just seems wrong due to the potential to manipulate profits.
My brain cell hurts. I'm just popping off to accounting web to see what they say about it. Back in a bit.
Shaun.
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Shaun
Responses are not meant as a substitute for professional advice. Answers are intended as outline only the advice of a qualified professional with access to all relevant information should be sought before acting on any response given.
Ah but we are not talking about a company otherwise it wouldn't be drawings. Client gave me a bottle of Bombay Saphire today and I am sampling it. Unfortunately I am going to a boring cpd event in Leicester tomorrow morning..have to be there at 8 so I'd best make this my final glass!
My brain cell has now packed it's bags and leapt out of my ear (think that it was getting lonely anyway). There are arguments for both sides.
The Sharkey case gets thrown around a lot over there. Good quote from Kevin9 : Budget notice 19 sets out the Revenue's predilection to rely on their interpretation of the old Sharkey vs Werner case. This means that for direct tax purposes the appropriation of stock for own use should be at market value. I think it is unfortunate that this is now being put on a statutory footing because it conflicts with GAAP
So basically they've gone through the same argument that we have here in that HMRC is at odds with legislation.
And they also put the argument for purchases to be charged at market value so maybe it wasn't such an off the wall idea after all!
A useful line I picked up in BIM33630 related to the price is :
market value' may be taken as the lowest price at which he sells the goods in comparable quantities in the ordinary course of trade.
Right, back to the shiny armour one.
Shaun.
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Shaun
Responses are not meant as a substitute for professional advice. Answers are intended as outline only the advice of a qualified professional with access to all relevant information should be sought before acting on any response given.
Also Shaun, surely in your earlier example, profit would not increase if apprporiation was credited at cost since closing stock would be adjusted accordingly??? Oh I'm going to bed!!!
Responses are not meant as a substitute for professional advice. Answers are intended as outline only the advice of a qualified professional with access to all relevant information should be sought before acting on any response given.
Worry not, bankers laugh at themselves... Well, most of the time we laugh at the actuaries, but after them we laugh at ourselves!
I've thought it through and I think from our perspective we have to go with the selling price option (so back down graciously to the shiny knights approach).
Although the revenue's stance is fundamentally flawed as far as the companies act and financial reporting standards go, our first point of anguish as bookkeepers is HMRC so if they say jump we do pretty much have to ask how high rather than why.
Then again, suppose we could always use the age old ploy that gets past the revenue every time! Want a different answer, just ask someone in a different department!!!
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Shaun
Responses are not meant as a substitute for professional advice. Answers are intended as outline only the advice of a qualified professional with access to all relevant information should be sought before acting on any response given.
Shauns view is taken from the view point of the body incorporate and I think from this stance he would be right by applying the companies act to anything involving a Ltd LLP etc. I see it that as a ltd company, there is no owner as such, to remove stock for there own purposes. If however, a director took goods for their own use the business entity would have to sell it to him, they are not his to take (if it was a small family run ltd business probably at cost or if a larger business at a discounted rate, the same as other employees), therefore it would be a sale.
If the business was a sole trader as Rob was saying or partnership then it is the owner removing his own goods, for his own use (In this situation s/he already owns the goods). In this instance he has every right to remove his goods from his business, for his own use. and he would reduce his stock level, he wouldn't sell himself something which is already his, to himself.
Anyways, that's what I thinks. Hope it made sense
Sorry about all the edits but just had a flash of inspiration (It may have been the ale i supped last night)
Doesn't the "argument" revolve around ownership, when something is sold, the ownership transfers as in the Ltd company scenario. For the sole trader/ partnership, ownership is already with the individuals.
-- Edited by Wella on Thursday 11th of March 2010 01:00:26 PM
-- Edited by Wella on Thursday 11th of March 2010 01:17:18 PM
As originator of this topic, i'm glad I ignited [if that's the word] such a hornet's nest. All text books I know of do not credit sales and certainly do not refer to a mark up. So it's incorrect to say there's no profit implication, because via one method all transactions are done at cost, the other credit sales at the marked-up value.
Does anyone think I should query with the IAB this question on a 2007 IAB Comp. Accts Level 3 paper, or just go with it?. The model answer had a marked-up entry to Sales which I don't agree with on principle
The fact that there is a difference of opinion here is worrying for an exam paper where no doubt should exist - and remember in a Comp. Accts paper there's no room to state your assumptions in order to allow the examiner some discretion - if your answer doesn't follow the model.
I think when I first responded to the question I had glossed over the fact that in the second example it had been grossed up by the vat amount probably because it seems crazy and unnecessary to do so, but yes in your second example the sale price would be £1175 plus vat, not £1000 plus vat. Of course Sharkey & Wernher may suggest the proper selling price should be applied. I personally in a real life situation would credit to sales but only at cost price...but I cannot advise from the point of view of the examiner unfortunately.